Lavoro domestico, crescono i dubbi sulla regolarità

Roma, 23 giugno 2021 – La pandemia non frena il settore domestico regolare (a cui Radio ANMIL dedicherà uno speciale venerdì 25 giugno) che cresce del 7,5% rispetto ai livelli pre-Covid, non superando tuttavia il milione di addetti. Sono i dati contenuti nell’ultimo report Inps che indicano come da 848.987 colf, badanti e baby sitter regolari censite nel 2019, si passa 920.722 del 2020. “L’incremento – spiega Andrea Zini, presidente di Assindatcolf, Associazione Nazionale dei Datori di Lavoro Domestico  – era atteso e interrompe un trend di decrescita iniziato nel 2013. Tuttavia, seppur trainato dalla procedura di regolarizzazione introdotta lo scorso anno con il Dl Rilancio, ci saremmo aspettati un incremento ben maggiore e soprattutto relativo alla componente straniera”. Zini ricorda infatti che stando ai dati dell’Inps la componente italiana è cresciuta di più (+12,9% rispetto all’anno precedente) rispetto a quella straniera (solo +5,2% rispetto all’anno precedente), ma i numeri assoluti sono quasi identici (+32 mila italiani a fronte di +31 mila stranieri). I conti quindi non ci tornano: su oltre 200 mila istanze presentate nell’ambito della procedura di regolarizzazione che si è chiusa ad agosto del 2020, oltre 176 mila hanno infatti riguardato il lavoro domestico. Sebbene l’iter della sanatoria abbia subìto un rallentamento e la maggior parte delle procedure non sia ancora arrivato a conclusione i rapporti avrebbero dovuto essere già denunciati all’Inps, ci chiediamo dunque che fine abbiano fatto questi lavoratori”.
“Complessivamente – conclude Zini – ora più che mai torniamo a chiedere al Governo di introdurre degli incentivi all’assunzione per il comparto domestico soprattutto nella forma della deducibilità fiscale dei costi”. Nel 2020 la distribuzione in base al luogo di lavoro indica che il Nord-Ovest è l’area geografica che, con il 30,2%, presenta il maggior numero di presenze tra colf e badanti, seguita dal Centro con il 27,3%, dal Nord-Est con il 20,3%, dal Sud con il 12,7% e dalle Isole con l’9,5%. La regione che presenta il maggior numero di lavoratori domestici è la Lombardia, con 172.092 lavoratori nel 2020, pari al 18,7%, seguita dal Lazio (13,8%), dall’Emilia Romagna (8,7%) e dalla Toscana (8,6%). In queste quattro regioni si concentra quasi la metà dei lavoratori domestici in Italia.
Guardando alla nazionalità, la prevalenza è di lavoratori stranieri, che nel 2020 sono il 68,8% del totale, quota che continua la tendenza decrescente iniziata dal 2013. La regione con il maggior numero di lavoratori domestici stranieri è la Lombardia, con 137.037 lavoratori (21,6%), a seguire il Lazio (16,1%) e l’Emilia-Romagna (10,1%).
I dati del triennio 2018-2020 mostrano una tendenza più dinamica e generalizzata su tutte le regioni per i lavoratori domestici italiani, con una crescita del 14,9%. La maggior parte dei lavoratori domestici italiani lavora in Sardegna (13,7%).
Rispetto alla provenienza, nel 2020 l’Europa dell’Est continua ad essere la zona di origine della maggior parte di loro con 351.684 lavoratori domestici pari al 38,2% del totale, seguiti dai 287.610 lavoratori di cittadinanza italiana (31,2%) e dai lavoratori delle Isole Filippine (7,3%) e del Sud America (7,2%).

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