Roma, 24 giugno 2020 – Il lavoro a distanza è stato uno degli strumenti individuati dal governo come ausilio indispensabile nella realizzazione delle misure di contenimento, nel contesto della pandemia generata dal COVID-19. Tuttavia, stando a quanto emerso dall’apposito fact sheet realizzato dall’Inail, si sono verificati moltissimi casi in cui, in maniera piuttosto “confusa”, si è realizzato un ibrido tra smart working e telelavoro, spesso propendente verso quest’ultimo e venendo inteso come una vera e propria condizione di reperibilità 24/7.
Il lavoro agile infatti, spiega il documento, è connotato da un approccio flessibile al lavoro, fondato su un fondamentale e indispensabile rapporto fiduciario tra lavoratore e datore di lavoro. “Nell’ultimo decennio – scrivono gli autori della nota – la trasformazione digitale e tecnologica ha prodotto modi innovativi di comunicare e lavorare, che hanno consentito di superare rigidità presenti nei modelli organizzativi della società economica e industriale preesistente”. Nel telelavoro invece, l’eterodirezione del datore di lavoro si manifesta nell’esecuzione della prestazione sotto direttiva, con cadenza di tempi lavorativi. Il telelavoratore svolge la propria attività da una postazione fissa ed è tenuto a rispettare gli orari d’ufficio, in maniera certamente meno “agile”.
Il fact sheet passa quindi in rassegna le principali criticità riscontrate in questo periodo con l’applicazione di questa modalità ibrida di lavoro a distanza durante emergenza: sovrapposizione tra ambiente lavorativo e domestico; mancanza di una preparazione adeguata dei lavoratori alla visione complessiva dei rischi; difficoltà e, talora, impossibilità nel separare spazi personali e familiari con cicli e tempi di lavoro; interazione con fonti di pericolo più connaturate alla dimensione abitativa che a quella professionale. Questo può aver comportato una “pericolosa promiscuità tra vita lavorativa e personale, che spesso si traduce, come attestano le statistiche, in un elevato numero di infortuni domestici”.
“Nel contesto emergenziale del Covid-19 – conclude il documento – si sono verificati scenari inaspettati di adattamento del lavoro, in tempi brevissimi. Le soluzioni adottate hanno consentito il proseguimento di molte attività produttive e le tecnologie hanno permesso un adeguamento, nella contingenza, capace di superare alcuni limiti della normativa di riferimento”. Per gli autori del documento di ricerca, “il lavoro agile che si è declinato in questo scenario emergenziale, rappresenta un’occasione di riflessione e futura sperimentazione, al fine di perfezionare ulteriormente il lavoro a distanza, con una particolare attenzione a uno sviluppo delle tecnologie integrate a quelle operative, per accompagnare la tutela del lavoratore”.
Per approfondire: Lavoro agile in situazioni emergenziali
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