Roma, 21 aprile 2020 – Dietro pressione dei membri del Consiglio europeo, la Commissione europea ha stilato una prima tabella di marcia per la creazione di una “strategia di uscita coordinata con gli Stati membri, che prepari il terreno per un piano di rilancio globale e investimenti senza precedenti”.
Evidenziando il fatto che le società europee saranno costrette a convivere con il virus fino a quando non venga trovato un vaccino o una cura, saranno tre i criteri utilizzati per determinare o meno l’allentamento del confinamento: in primis, i criteri epidemiologici che indichino una riduzione stabile nel numero di nuovi contagi, ricoveri in ospedale e pazienti in terapia intensiva; in secondo luogo, la sufficiente capacità dei sistemi sanitari che potrebbero essere chiamati a supportare futuri nuovi aumenti di contagio; infine, l’adeguata capacità di monitoraggio, inclusa la capacità di effettuare test diagnostici su vasta scala per monitorare i contagi e le immunità acquisite.
La Commissione sottolinea che l’adozione di una strategia coordinata relativa alla revoca delle misure da parte degli Stati membri è fondamentale ai fini del funzionamento del Mercato Unico, tenendo in considerazione la sua natura integrata. Per tale ragione, la Commissione sostiene che, prima di annunciare la revoca delle misure, ciascuno Stato membro dovrebbe “come minimo” informare in tempo utile gli altri Stati membri e la Commissione.
In aggiunta, si rende necessario il perfezionamento della raccolta e della condivisione dei dati sulle situazioni sanitarie nazionali e subnazionali, evocando anche il prezioso supporto dei gestori dei social media e degli operatori di telefonia mobile nel monitorare la mobilità, le interazioni sociali e i segnali precoci di diffusione, come le ricerche degli utenti su sintomi insoliti. In questo contesto, sarà inoltre utile istituire un quadro per il tracciamento dei contatti e l’allerta mediante l’uso di applicazioni mobili che rispetti la riservatezza dei dati, nonostante l’uso dovrebbe essere volontario e nel rispetto delle norme europee sulla privacy.
Dovrà inoltre essere rafforzata la capacità diagnostica in ogni Stato membro, sia all’interno delle strutture sanitarie che mediante i kit di autodiagnosi, nonché la resilienza dei sistemi sanitari nazionali.
In attesa del vaccino, che secondo l’Agenzia europea per i medicinali (EMA) dovrebbe essere pronto e reso disponibile tra circa un anno, dovranno essere potenziati la produzione e l’approvvigionamento dei DPI, dei dispositivi medici e dei medicinali.
Alla luce di questo quadro, la Commissione raccomanda la revoca graduale delle misure di contenimento, tenendo conto di diverse esigenze: tutelare i gruppi più deboli, come gli anziani e le persone affette da patologie croniche, comprese le malattie mentali; sostituire le misure di divieto totale con misure alternative che garantiscano elevati livelli di sicurezza, con particolare riferimento alla pulizia e disinfestazione dei mezzi di trasporto, degli esercizi commerciali e dei luoghi di lavoro; passare dallo stato di emergenza che dota i governi di poteri straordinari ad interventi più mirati sottoposti al vaglio democratico, partendo soprattutto dalla soppressione delle misure emergenziali regionali che comportano differenze sostanziali sul piano nazionale.
Allo stesso modo, anche l’apertura delle frontiere interne ed esterne dovrà avvenire con un approccio graduale, fino al completo ripristino del funzionamento dello spazio Schengen.
Anche sul piano economico-produttivo, le riaperture dovranno essere graduali, accordando priorità alle attività strategiche per agevolare l’attività economica (come i trasporti), nel rispetto delle norme emergenziali in materia di salute e sicurezza. In questo ambito, il telelavoro deve essere sollecitato.
La Commissione europea si spenderà per impedire l’interruzione delle catene di approvvigionamento cagionate sia dal fallimento di imprese che dalle ingerenze da parte di soggetti di Paesi terzi.
Infine, in relazione alle occasioni di assembramento, la stessa gradualità dovrà riguardare scuole, università e attività commerciali, fino alle più complesse attività sociali relative ai bar e ai ristoranti, nonché agli assembramenti di massa (concerti, ecc.).
Ad ogni modo, è presa in considerazione l’ipotesi di imporre l’uso di mascherine non chirurgiche in pubblico, come misura complementare – e non alternativa – alle ormai note misure preventive (#distanziamento, #lavaggiodellemani, ecc.).
EU, tabella di marcia per contenimento #Covid-19 a cura dell'Ufficio Salute e sicurezza ANMIL
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