Il report risponde a diversi dubbi relativi alle infezioni da Covid-19 con un focus particolare sulle varianti e di vaccinazioni.
Roma, 18 marzo 2021 – Il report, realizzato da Iss, Ministero della Salute, Aifa e Inail, risponde a diversi quesiti riguardanti la prevenzione e il controllo delle infezioni da Sars-CoV-2 in tema di varianti e vaccinazione. Nello specifico, si affrontano le problematiche relative a misure farmacologiche, di prevenzione e di controllo delle infezioni da Covid-19 generate proprio dalla comparsa delle diverse varianti del virus.
Ad esempio, con riferimento alla possibilità che la circolazione delle varianti richieda una modifica delle misure di prevenzione e protezione non farmacologiche (distanziamento fisico, mascherine, igiene delle mani) in ambito comunitario e assistenziale, la risposta contenuta nel documento è stata negativa. Non è infatti indicato modificare le misure di prevenzione e protezione basate sul distanziamento fisico, sull’uso delle mascherine e sull’igiene delle mani; al contrario, si ritiene necessaria una applicazione estremamente attenta e rigorosa di queste misure.
Quanto all’obbligo, per i lavoratori vaccinati, inclusi gli operatori sanitari, di mantenere l’uso dei DPI e dei dispositivi medici, l’igiene delle mani, il distanziamento fisico e le altre precauzioni sul luogo di lavoro, la risposta è chiaramente affermativa: tutti i lavoratori infatti, inclusi gli operatori sanitari, devono continuare a utilizzare rigorosamente i DPI, i dispositivi medici prescritti, l’igiene delle mani, il distanziamento fisico e le altre precauzioni secondo la valutazione del rischio, indipendentemente dallo stato di vaccinazione e aderire a eventuali programmi di screening dell’infezione.
Continuando, nel caso in cui una persona vaccinata con una o due dosi dovesse essere identificata come contatto stretto di un caso positivo, secondo le definizioni previste dalle Circolari del Ministero della Salute, questa deve essere considerata un contatto stretto anche se vaccinata, e devono, pertanto, essere adottate tutte le disposizioni prescritte dalle Autorità sanitarie. Si mantiene la deroga alla quarantena per il personale sanitario, con il rispetto delle misure di prevenzione e protezione dell’infezione, fino a un’eventuale positività ai test di monitoraggio per SARS-CoV-2 o alla comparsa di sintomatologia compatibile con COVID-19.
La vaccinazione anti-COVID-19, stando a quanto disposto all’interno del documento in analisi, si è dimostrata infine sicura anche in soggetti con precedente infezione da SARS-CoV-2, e, pertanto, può essere offerta indipendentemente da una pregressa infezione sintomatica o asintomatica da SARS-CoV-2. Ai fini della vaccinazione, non è indicato eseguire test diagnostici per accertare una pregressa infezione. È possibile considerare la somministrazione di un’unica dose di vaccino anti-COVID-19 nei soggetti con pregressa infezione da SARS-CoV-2 (decorsa in maniera sintomatica o asintomatica), purché la vaccinazione venga eseguita ad almeno 3 mesi di distanza dalla documentata infezione e, preferibilmente, entro i 6 mesi dalla stessa. Fanno eccezione i soggetti che presentino condizioni di immunodeficienza, primitiva o secondaria a trattamenti farmacologici, i quali, pur con pregressa infezione da SARS-CoV-2, devono essere vaccinati quanto prima e con un ciclo vaccinale di due dosi.
Quelle riportate sono solo alcune delle FAQ scientifiche contenute nel report realizzato da Iss, Ministero della Salute, Aifa e Inail.
Per approfondire:
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