Roma, 22 giugno 2020 – Il Comitato di esperti in materia economica e sociale ha redatto un Rapporto dal titolo Iniziative per il rilancio “Italia 2020-2022”.
Dalla lettura della premessa del documento emerge che l’obiettivo delle iniziative proposte dal Comitato è quello di accelerare lo sviluppo del Paese e di migliorare la sua sostenibilità economica, sociale e ambientale, in linea con l’Agenda 2030 e gli obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile delle Nazioni Unite e con gli obiettivi strategici definiti dall’Unione europea.
La visione che il Comitato propone per il rilancio del nostro Paese – dettagliata nel Rapporto – è stata concepita per mitigare gli effetti della crisi Covid-19 e accelerare la fase di ripresa, ma soprattutto per raggiungere obiettivi di cambiamento profondo e duraturo dell’economia e della società italiana.
Nel documento è stato puntualizzato che il Comitato ha focalizzato la propria attività sugli interventi che potranno avere impatto di rilancio entro il prossimo biennio, proponendo iniziative specifiche per consentire una trasformazione effettiva e renderne chiaramente percepibile l’avvio. Pertanto non sono stati considerati né interventi nell’area della Scuola, già presidiata da un apposito comitato, né ampie riforme strutturali di contenuto specialistico, quali quelle della Giustizia civile, della Fiscalità e del Welfare, per le quali nel Rapporto sono stati tuttavia riportati degli spunti di riflessione.
Entrando nel merito, le raccomandazioni si sono ispirate a tre “assi di rafforzamento” per la trasformazione del Paese:
1 Digitalizzazione e innovazione;
2 Rivoluzione verde;
3 Parità di genere e inclusione.
Il piano di rilancio è stato articolato in sei aree di azione riguardanti:
– Le Imprese e il Lavoro, riconosciuti come motore della ripresa, da sostenere e facilitare per generare profonde innovazioni dei sistemi produttivi;
– Le Infrastrutture e l’Ambiente, che devono diventare il volano del rilancio, grazie alla rapida attivazione di investimenti rilevanti per accelerare la velocità e la qualità della ripresa economica;
– Il Turismo, l’Arte e la Cultura, che devono essere elevati a brand iconico dell’Italia, attraverso cui rafforzare sistematicamente l’immagine del Paese sia verso chi risiede in Italia, sia verso i cittadini di altri paesi;
– La Pubblica Amministrazione, che deve trasformarsi in alleata di cittadini e imprese, per facilitare la creazione di lavoro e l’innovazione e migliorare la qualità di vita di tutte le persone;
– L’Istruzione, la Ricerca e le Competenze, fattori chiave per lo sviluppo;
– Gli Individui e le Famiglie, da porre al centro di una società equa e inclusiva, perché siano attori del cambiamento e partecipi dei processi di innovazione sociale.
A supporto delle raccomandazioni esposte nel Rapporto il Comitato ha elaborato delle schede di dettaglio di ciascun progetto/iniziativa.
Con specifico riferimento all’area dedicata alle Imprese e Lavoro, per quanto riguarda gli interventi di urgenza, il Comitato ha proposto la rimozione del contagio Covid-19 dalle responsabilità penali del datore di lavoro, la promozione dello Smart Working e una deroga temporanea per consentire il rinnovo dei contratti a tempo in scadenza, tutte iniziative atte a superare vincoli che oggi ostacolano la difesa dell’occupazione.
Ai temi della responsabilità penale del datore di lavoro e smart Working sono state dedicate rispettivamente le schede n. 1.i (Escludere contagio COVID da responsabilità penale e ridurre temporaneamente il costo delle misure organizzative anti contagio) e n. 1.ii (Smart Working: osservazione per normarlo al meglio e codice etico a immediata tutela dei lavoratori).
Nel dettaglio nella scheda n. 1.i (Escludere contagio COVID da responsabilità penale e ridurre temporaneamente il costo delle misure organizzative anti contagio) tra gli interventi urgenti per difendere l’occupazione, garantire liquidità e rafforzare la capitalizzazione delle imprese è stata contemplata l’esclusione del “contagio Covid-19” dalla responsabilità penale del datore di lavoro per le imprese non sanitarie e il neutralizzare fiscalmente, in modo temporaneo, il costo di interventi organizzativi (ad es. turnazione, straordinari) conseguenti all’adozione dei protocolli di sicurezza e al recupero della produzione perduta per il fermo.
Si riportano di seguito le azioni specifiche previste nella menzionata scheda:
– “Per quanto attiene al rischio di responsabilità penale, questo è fortemente ridotto laddove si preveda che l’adozione, e di poi l’osservanza, dei protocolli di sicurezza, predisposti dalle parti sociali (da quello nazionale del 24 aprile 2020, a quelli specificativi settoriali, ed eventualmente integrativi territoriali), costituisce adempimento integrale dell’obbligo di sicurezza di cui all’art. 2087 del codice civile. Si evidenzia che essendo la materia della sicurezza sul lavoro, intesa come contenuto dell’obbligo di sicurezza, e quella relativa ai contratti, di competenza Statale esclusiva, è la legislazione nazionale che deve prevedere questo meccanismo, a garanzia dell’uniformità su tutto il territorio nazionale di una disciplina prevenzionale;
– Il datore che adempie all’obbligo di sicurezza, nei termini di cui sopra, non andrebbe incontro ne a responsabilità civile ne a responsabilità penale, pur in presenza di un eventuale riconoscimento da parte dell’INAIL dell’infortunio su lavoro da contagio Covid-19. Peraltro si è già previsto che gli infortuni da contagio Covid-19 non vengano contabilizzati per l’azienda ai fini dell’andamento infortunistico, e quindi non hanno conseguenze sul piano dei premi assicurativi. Quindi il riconoscimento dell’infortunio sarebbe neutro per l’azienda;
– Per quanto riguarda l’aumento del costo del lavoro per le misure organizzative, o recupero di produzione, si tratterebbe di introdurre una defiscalizzazione temporanea delle maggiorazioni, previste dai contratti collettivi, per indennità di turni aggiuntivi e lavoro festivo o notturno, introdotte per adottare i protocolli di sicurezza ed attuare il distanziamento. Così come anche per quegli straordinari richiesti per recuperare la produzione persa in questi mesi di blocco”.
Per approfondire: Rapporto Comitato di Esperti in materia economica e sociale
#Covid #sicurezza #prevenzione #economia #rilancio #lavoro #protocollosicurezza #protocolli #Coronavirus #scuola #security #prevention #economics #recovery #working #protocollsecurity #protocols #school
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