Roma, 5 maggio 2020 – L’OIL ha pubblicato l’‘ILO Monitor third edition: COVID-19 and the world of work’, cioè la terza revisione dei dati statistici riguardanti l’impatto socioeconomico della pandemia da Covid-19.
In linea generale, quasi la metà della forza lavoro globale – ovvero 1,6 miliardi di lavoratori dell’economia informale – rischia di perdere i mezzi di sussistenza.
Inoltre, dal nuovo aggiornamento emerge che il calo delle ore di lavoro nell’attuale secondo trimestre del 2020 dovrebbe essere significativamente peggiore di quanto precedentemente stimato: rispetto ai livelli pre-crisi (4° trimestre del 2019), si prevede un calo del 10,5%, equivalente a 305 milioni di posti di lavoro a tempo pieno (ipotizzando una settimana lavorativa di 48 ore). La stima precedente prevedeva una diminuzione del 6,7%, equivalente a 195 milioni di lavoratori a tempo pieno. Ciò è dovuto al prolungamento e all’estensione delle misure di lockdown in tutto il mondo.
A livello regionale, la situazione è peggiorata in modo uniforme. Infatti, le stime indicano, nel secondo trimestre, una perdita del 12,4% delle ore di lavoro per le Americhe rispetto ai livelli pre-crisi e dell’11,8% per l’Europa e l’Asia centrale. Le stime per il resto dei gruppi regionali sono tutte al di sopra del 9,5%.
Come già anticipato, 1, 6 miliardi di lavoratori nell’economia informale – su un totale di 2 miliardi nel contesto di una forza lavoro globale stimata in 3,3 miliardi – sono le persone più vulnerabili: si stima che il primo mese della crisi abbia comportato un calo del 60% delle entrate dei lavoratori informali a livello globale. Ciò si traduce in un calo dell’81% in Africa e nelle Americhe, del 70% in Europa e in Asia centrale e del 21,6% in Asia e nel Pacifico.
Inoltre, nelle ultime due settimane la percentuale di lavoratori che vivono nei Paesi in cui vige o è raccomandato il #lockdown è diminuita dall’81% al 68%. Su tale diminuzione pesano le riaperture dei luoghi di lavoro in Cina, nonostante nel resto del mondo le misure di lockdown siano aumentate.
Pertanto, a livello produttivo, in tutto il mondo oltre 436 milioni di imprese incorrono in consistenti rischi di gravi perturbazioni. Tali imprese operano prevalentemente nei settori economici più colpiti: circa 232 milioni di imprese fanno parte del settore della vendita all’ingrosso e al dettaglio; 111 milioni del comparto manifatturiero; 51 milioni dei servizi alimentari e di alloggio; 42 milioni delle attività immobiliari e di altro tipo.
Approfondimento: ILO_Monitor_Third_Edition
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